Let $X \in \text{Random}(\mathbb{R})$ be a D3161: Random real number such that

(i)	\begin{equation} \mathbb{E} |X|^2 < \infty \end{equation}
(ii)	\begin{equation} \mathbb{E} X \neq 0 \end{equation}

Then $X$ is overdispersed if and only if \begin{equation} \frac{\text{Var} X}{\mathbb{E} X} > 1 \end{equation}